Types of Speech Writing: A Comprehensive and Detailed Guide

As a high school student, especially in Zambia, knowing the different types of speech compositions is very important. Speech writing is a vital skill that combines creativity, organization, and communication. It involves crafting a formal address to inform, persuade, or entertain an audience.

Speeches can vary in tone and purpose, from political addresses and wedding toasts to academic lectures and motivational talks. Regardless of the occasion, a well-written speech is one that connects with the audience and leaves a lasting impression.

Definition of a Speech

A speech is a structured oral presentation delivered to an audience with a specific purpose in mind. Unlike a narrative, a speech may aim to:

• Inform: Share information or knowledge (e.g., a lecture or educational talk).
• Persuade: Convince the audience to adopt a certain viewpoint or take action (e.g., a campaign speech or a sales pitch).
• Entertain: Delight or amuse the audience (e.g., a toast at a wedding or a stand-up comedy performance).

Example Scenarios:

1. A president addressing the nation during a crisis to reassure citizens.
2. A father of the bride delivering a heartfelt toast at a wedding.
3. A guest speaker inspiring students at a graduation ceremony.
4. A lecturer explaining complex concepts to students in a classroom.

Main Features of Speech Writing

1. Audience Engagement

A successful speech engages its audience from start to finish. Achieving this requires:

a) Acknowledging the Audience: Use respectful and engaging phrases tailored to the context:

• “Ladies and gentlemen, esteemed guests, and fellow citizens.”
• “Honorable members of parliament, Mr. Speaker, Sir.”
• “Distinguished colleagues and dear students.”

Illustration: At a corporate seminar, you might start with:

• “Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to this exciting event where we explore innovative strategies for success in business.”

b) Protocol and Order: When addressing an audience, start with individuals of the highest social or professional rank and proceed in descending order. For instance:

• “Your Excellency, the President, the Honorable Minister of Education, distinguished guests, and all protocol observed…”

c) Self-Introduction: Whether you need to introduce yourself depends on the familiarity of the audience:

• If the audience knows you, skip the introduction.
• If the audience is unfamiliar, briefly introduce yourself, e.g., “Good morning. My name is Dr. Jane Doe, and I’m here to discuss sustainable farming techniques.”

2. The Heading for a Speech

The heading should provide context and set expectations. It typically includes:

• The topic or purpose of the speech.
• The event or venue.
• The date and time.

Example Heading:

• Ministerial Speech on Rising Crime in Lusaka Delivered at Mulungushi International Conference Centre on 18th March 2011 at 10:00 Hours

This heading provides a clear picture of what the speech will address, where it will take place, and when.

Types of Speech writing

Speeches can be categorized into three main types: Introductory Speech, Main or General Speech, and Speech of Vote of Thanks.

1. Introductory Speech

An introductory speech sets the tone for an event and introduces the main speaker or occasion.

(a) Title: The title should clearly state who is delivering the speech and its context.

• Introductory Speech Delivered by the Head Girl at the Awards Giving Ceremony Held at Arakan Girls Secondary School on 14th October 2015

(b) Introduction: Begin by observing protocol and greeting the audience:

• “Your Excellency, the Headmaster, teachers, parents, and fellow students, good afternoon.”
• Introduce the guest by highlighting their achievements, qualifications, and the purpose of their address. For example:
  • “We are privileged to have Dr. John Smith, an esteemed scientist, and innovator, to share his insights on renewable energy.”

(c) Main Body: Provide context for the event and introduce the audience to the speaker. Mention their expertise and what the audience can expect from their speech:

• “Dr. Smith has over 20 years of experience in renewable energy and has spearheaded groundbreaking projects worldwide. Today, he will enlighten us on how to integrate these technologies into our communities.”

(d) Conclusion: Invite the guest to take the stage:

• “Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming Dr. John Smith to address us.”

2. Main or General Speech

The main speech is the highlight of an event. It addresses the primary theme or purpose of the occasion.

(a) Title: Clearly state who delivered the speech and the context.

• Speech Delivered by the Minister of Education at the Awards Giving Ceremony Held at Arakan Girls Secondary School on 14th October 2015

(b) Introduction:

• Observe protocol and greet the audience.
• State the purpose of the speech.
  • “Today, I am here to celebrate the outstanding achievements of our students and to highlight the importance of education in shaping our future.”

(c) Main Body:

• Present points in a logical sequence, tailored to the purpose of the speech. Use stories, facts, and statistics to support your arguments.
• For example:
  • “In the past year, our school has achieved a 90% pass rate. This is a testament to the dedication of our teachers and students.”

(d) Conclusion:

• Summarize the main points and end with a call to action, advice, or encouragement:
  • “Let us all work together to ensure that the achievements we celebrate today are just the beginning of a brighter future.”

3. Speech of Vote of Thanks

A vote of thanks is a formal expression of gratitude delivered at the end of an event.

(a) Title:

• Speech of Vote of Thanks Delivered by the Headmaster at the Awards Giving Ceremony Held at Arakan Girls Secondary School on 14th October 2015

(b) Introduction:

• Acknowledge protocol and greet the audience.
• Thank the main speaker for their contribution:
  • “On behalf of everyone here, I extend our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. John Smith for his inspiring and thought-provoking speech.”

(c) Main Body:

• Summarize the key points of the main speaker’s address:
  • “Dr. Smith’s emphasis on community-driven renewable energy solutions has broadened our understanding and inspired us to act.”

(d) Conclusion:

• Express a wish for future engagement and reiterate your thanks:
  • “We hope to have Dr. Smith join us again in the future to share more of his invaluable insights. Thank you once again for taking time out of your busy schedule to be with us.”

Illustrations and Tips for Effective Speech Writing

1. Use Stories and Examples:
   • A personal anecdote or relevant story can make your speech relatable and memorable.
   • For example, in a speech on education, you could share a story about a student overcoming challenges to succeed.
2. Incorporate Rhetorical Devices:
   • Use repetition for emphasis, e.g., “We must act now. We must act decisively. We must act together.”
   • Pose rhetorical questions to engage the audience: “What future do we want for our children?”
3. Use Visual Aids (if appropriate):
   • Include slides or props to reinforce your points, especially for educational or technical speeches.
4. Practice Delivery:
   • Rehearse your speech multiple times to ensure a smooth delivery.
   • Maintain eye contact, use gestures, and vary your tone to keep the audience engaged.

Conclusion

Speech writing is a powerful tool for communication, capable of inspiring action, sharing knowledge, and building connections. By following the structured guidelines outlined above, and adding your personal touch, you can craft and deliver speeches that resonate deeply with any audience.