The future tense help to express actions or states that will happen or be in the future. Like the past tense or present tense, the future in English can be discussed through various ways, each with distinct nuances and uses.
Future tenses not only allow us to describe upcoming actions but also help us convey intentions, predictions, and plans.
In this article, I will examine the different forms of the future tense in English including future simple, “be going to,” future continuous, and future perfect. I will also illustrate their usage with examples and explanations.
Please feel free to comment on this article and make your contributions or ask questions in the comment section.
Future Simple Tense
The future simple tense is the most basic way to refer to actions or events that will happen in the future. The future could be fore seconds, minutes, weeks, months or years.
The future simple is formed with will + the base form of the verb. It is versatile and commonly used for decisions made spontaneously, predictions, promises, and general statements about the future. Shall can be used instead of will in formal contexts, particularly with I and we.
Examples and Usage:
- Spontaneous Decisions: “I’m hungry. I think I’ll order a pizza.” In this case, the speaker decides to order food at the moment of speaking, demonstrating an immediate decision or an action happening with seconds of speaking.
- Predictions: “She’ll be an amazing musician one day.” Here, will expresses a prediction about her future talent.
- Promises: “I won’t forget to call you tonight.” Using won’t in the negative form, this example shows a promise not to forget.
- Offers: “I’ll help you carry those bags.” The speaker is making an offer to help at the moment.
Illustration: Imagine you’re at a friend’s house and notice they’ve dropped a piece of paper. Without hesitation, you say, “I’ll pick it up for you.” This immediate response highlights the use of the future simple tense to make spontaneous decisions.
In another scenario, a parent might reassure their child: “I’ll be there for your graduation ceremony.” This use of will conveys a promise, a commitment to be present.
Using “Shall” in Formal Contexts:
- “We shall gather here again next year.”
- “Shall I open the window?”
Shall tends to be used in formal or poetic expressions and is increasingly replaced by will in modern English. However, it remains appropriate in formal settings or when making offers.
“Be Going To” Structure
The be going to structure is commonly used to discuss plans, intentions, and predictions based on present evidence. This structure uses am/is/are + going to + the base form of the verb, allowing speakers to emphasize their intentions or make predictions based on current observations.
Examples and Usage:
- Plans and Intentions: “I am going to visit my family next weekend.” Here, going to expresses a plan already decided upon.
- Predictions Based on Evidence: “Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain soon.” This sentence reflects a prediction based on visible evidence, the dark clouds.
Illustration: Imagine seeing a friend packing a suitcase. You might ask, “Are you going to travel soon?” Here, the packed suitcase serves as evidence of an upcoming trip, prompting the use of going to rather than will.
Consider a different scenario in which someone mentions, “I’m going to start a new hobby this month.” This sentence implies a definite intention, with a clear plan in place.
Future Continuous Tense
The future continuous tense describes actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. It is formed with will be + the -ing form of the verb and is useful for setting the scene, discussing expected events, or making polite inquiries about plans.
Examples and Usage:
- Action in Progress at a Future Time: “This time tomorrow, I’ll be flying to Paris.” Here, will be flying describes an action happening at a specific future time.
- Polite Inquiries: “Will you be joining us for dinner?” This question uses the future continuous to make a polite invitation.
- Expectations and Predictions: “He’ll be finishing his project by next week.” This prediction uses the future continuous to indicate when the project will likely be completed.
Illustration: Suppose you’re planning a road trip. You might say, “At this time next week, we’ll be driving through the mountains.” This sentence sets a vivid scene, using the future continuous to depict a future activity as ongoing.
In another example, if someone asks, “Will you be attending the meeting tomorrow?” they are politely inquiring about your plans. This use of the future continuous conveys respect and avoids sounding too direct.
Stative Verbs in the Future Continuous: It’s important to remember that certain verbs, like know, want, believe, and like, known as stative verbs, are rarely used in the continuous form. Instead of saying, “She’ll be knowing the answer,” you would say, “She will know the answer.”
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense describes actions that will be completed before a specific point in the future. Formed with will have + the past participle of the main verb, this tense highlights the completion of an action relative to a future time or event.
Examples and Usage:
- Action Completed Before a Future Point: “By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking.” Here, will have finished emphasizes that the cooking will be completed before the person arrives.
- Future Achievements: “He will have earned his degree by next year.” This sentence reflects a sense of accomplishment, specifying when the degree will be completed.
Illustration: Imagine you’re working on a project due in a few weeks. You might reassure your boss, “I will have completed the report by next Friday.” This assurance demonstrates your commitment to finishing the task before a specific deadline, highlighting the action’s completion.
In another example, a student might say, “By the time school starts, I will have read three novels.” This use of the future perfect indicates an expectation to complete an activity before another future event.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The future perfect continuous tense emphasizes the duration of an action that will be ongoing up until a specific future point. Formed with will have been + the -ing form of the verb, it is ideal for describing long-term actions or activities that stretch into the future.
Examples and Usage:
- Action with Emphasis on Duration: “By the end of this year, I will have been working at the company for five years.” This sentence highlights the amount of time spent working at the company up to a certain point.
- Ongoing Action in the Future: “They will have been traveling for eight hours by the time they reach their destination.” Here, the focus is on the long duration of the journey.
Illustration: Consider a scenario in which a marathon runner is preparing for a race. The runner might say, “By race day, I will have been training for six months.” This use of the future perfect continuous emphasizes the lengthy preparation period leading up to a significant future event.
In another example, a musician could remark, “By next summer, I will have been playing the violin for ten years.” This sentence not only emphasizes the passage of time but also underlines the musician’s dedication.
Time Expressions in Future Tenses
Common time expressions often accompany future tenses to clarify the timing of actions. Words like tomorrow, next week, in two days, and by then help specify when an action will take place.
Examples:
- Future Simple: “She will start the job next month.”
- Future Continuous: “At this time next week, they’ll be arriving at the beach.”
- Future Perfect: “By tomorrow, he will have completed the task.”
- Future Perfect Continuous: “By the end of the week, I will have been studying for twenty hours.”
Conclusion
English future tenses provide a flexible framework for expressing plans, predictions, promises, and intentions. The future simple offers a straightforward approach to talking about upcoming actions and decisions.
The “be going to” structure emphasizes intention and evidence-based predictions, while the future continuous highlights actions in progress at specific future times.
For describing completed actions relative to a future point, the future perfect is invaluable, and the future perfect continuous underscores ongoing actions and their durations.
Each future tense enriches our ability to convey a nuanced sense of time and intention, enabling clear and dynamic communication about what lies ahead. Regular practice with these tenses will build confidence and clarity in discussing future events.
